Community
and Regional Planning Program
The University of
Texas at Austin School of Architecture
Creating a 3-D TIN elevation model from a contour line file in ArcGIS 9
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The following requires that the 3-D Analyst extension be enabled in
ArcGIS. For detailed instructions on the use of 3D Analyst, see ArcGIS
Desktop Help under Extensions - 3D Analyst.
Before creating a TIN from contour lines, make sure you have clipped the
contour lines to the smallest possible area. The TIN creation and analysis
puts a huge strain on our computer processing capabilities and the smaller
the area the better this will work.
Follow these steps to build a TIN (note that a TIN can be built just from
contour lines, or from mutliple sources):
-
Before you begin, explore the data you will be using - this can include contour
lines and spot height points (it could also include things like streams to
be used as break lines and a boundary polygon to set the limits of the TIN).
You will need to know what attribute field contains the elevation information.
Make sure that all data sets have defined coordinate systems and that they
are in the same coordinate system. Also, the elevation units should be the
same units as the horizontal coordinage system units (e.g., both feet or
both meters) - See Working with XYZ units.
-
Add the elevation data to your data frame - in this example we assume you
are using contour lines and spot height elevations
-
Enable the 3D Analyst extension and open its menu (View -
Toolbars)
-
Open the data table for contour lines and spot heights and sort the Elevation
field (or other field containing the elevation information).
-
Inspect the data to find "outliers" (i.e., data that is too low [typically
0], too high, or blank.) If necessary, exclude improper data by using the
Query tool to select all the incorrect records, start editing the layer,
and delete these records. Save edited layer and stop editing.
-
From the 3D Analyst menu, choose 3D Analyst - Create/Modify TIN - Create
TIN from Features. The TIN function will show whatever layers are
available for making the TIN.
-
In the Create New TIN dialog, click on the contour line theme and
set the Height Source to be the attrbribute field containing the elevation
information (for Austin contourlines, this is elevation), set
Triangulate As from to Mass Points, and leave the TagValue
field set to <none>. If you are also using a boundary polygon,
then also click on this theme and specify this will be used as a soft
clip polgyon with no height information. If you are using the spot heights,
click on this theme, choose Triangulate as Mass Points, and
specify height source as the elevation value field. If you are using
a stream layer, these typically have no elevation value so set that to
none, and triangulate as a hard break line (streams always mark a break in
slope).
-
Specify an appropriate folder location and filename.
-
Click OK.
The TIN creation process will take a while.
To create a slope grid from the TIN, from the 3D Analyst menu, choose
3D Analyst - Surface Analysis - Slope (warning: this assumes that
your elevation and horizontal units are in the same unit, e.g., both feet.
If they are not, use the Z factor to convert height units to the horizontal
units. See Working with XYZ units.
To create a aspect grid from the TIN, make the TIN-theme active, choose 3D
Analyst - Surface Analysis - Aspect .
You can display the TIN as 3D in ArcScene or ArcGlobe. You can also drape
other layers over the TIN in those programs.
There are many other features you can use, but these are the basics.
Good luck!
Example
of a 3-D image created in ArcView by Cesar Escalante - it shows the area
around Shoal Creek and Lamar just north of the river.
05 October 2005